Also add a test to verify.

- ensures alphabetical ordering for includes etc. in source file headers

It conflicts with our normal naming of releases/builds. Fixes #4221.

Drawback: The version string is no longer a valid git identifier.
          For this reason the 'g' short hash prefix has been removed.

Exception: When building directly from a tag this behaves exactly like the previous behavior.
           This allows formatting release versions with precision     i.e. v0.9.2
           This also allows arbitrary topicbranch names               i.e. v0.9.1-glibc-compat

Use misc methods of avoiding unnecesary header includes.
Replace int typedefs with int##_t from stdint.h.
Replace PRI64[xdu] with PRI[xdu]64 from inttypes.h.
Normalize QT_VERSION ifs where possible.
Resolve some indirect dependencies as direct ones.
Remove extern declarations from .cpp files.

- add version information to bitcoin-qt.rc, which is displayed on Windows, when looking in the executable properties and selecting "Details"
- introduce a new clientversion.h (used in bitcoin-qt.rc to generate
  version information), which takes only the version defines from
  version.h and is included in it (to allow usage with the windres rc-file
  compiler)
- move #define STRINGIFY(s) #s into clientversion.h as that is used in
  bitcoin-qt.rc and rename to DO_STRINGIZE(X)
- add #define STRINGIZE(X) DO_STRINGIZE(X), which is needed to convert the
  version defines into a version string in the rc-file
- this ensures we only need to update 1 file and have bitcoin-qt.exe
  version information

- for RC-file documentation see:
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa381058%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

I originally created a pull to replace the "COPYING" in crypter.cpp and
crypter.h, but it turned out that COPYING was actually the correct
file.

* move PROTOCOL_VERSION to version.h

* move CLIENT_VERSION* to version.h, make available past cpp stage

* clearly separate client, network version portions of version.h

All client version information is moved to version.cpp, which optionally
(-DHAVE_BUILD_INFO) includes build.h. build.h is automatically generated
on supporting platforms via contrib/genbuild.sh, using git describe.

The git export-subst attribute is used to put the commit id statically
in version.cpp inside generated archives, and this value is used if no
build.h is present.

The gitian descriptors are modified to use git archive instead of a
copy, to create the src/ directory in the output. This way,
src/src/version.cpp will contain the static commit id. To prevent
gitian builds from getting the "-dirty" marker in their git-describe
generated identifiers, no touching of files or running sed on the
makefile is performed anymore. This does not seem to influence
determinism.